Engine



may 1s, 1937. E. R. JACOBY 2,086,662

ENGINE Filed Oct. 28, 1935 Patented May 18, 1937 UNITED g STATES2,080,662 ENGINE Enos R. Jacoby, Muskegon, Mich., assignor ,toContinental Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation ofVirginia Application October 28, 1935, Serial No. 47,150

13 Claims.

This invention relates to engines and more particularly to the valveconstruction and other cooperating elements associated therewith forcontrolling the flow of gases into the engine combustion chamber.

One object of my present invention is to provide for more eicientpreparation of the incoming gases which are introduced into the enginecombustion chamber. More particularly, this construction provides meanswhich enable the incoming gases to be more efficiently heated at a pointimmediately adjacent to the intake port of said combustion chamber.

A further object of the present invention is to provide means which tendto more completely and uniformly distribute the incoming gases in theengine combustion chamber by providing means in the intake passage forpromoting a swirling tendency to the incoming gas.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a constructioncooperating with the swirl promo-ting means whereby to cause theincoming -ga'ses to spread outwardly as the same are introduced'in aswirling condition into the combustion chamber.

A further object of the present invention relates more particularly tothe intake valve structure andthe means carried thereby for directingthe incoming gases toward the exhaust valve and toward the walls of thecombustion chamber adjacent to the intake valve `for the purpose ofdirecting the incoming gases toward the hottest portions of thecombustion chamber for eliminating the heavier particles of gas whichare usually carried in said gas stream.

For a more detailed understanding of my invention reference may be hadto the accompanying drawing which illustrates one form which myinvention may assume, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical sectional View Vthrough an engineshowing the intake and exhaust `gas controlling means and takensubstantially on the line I I of Fig. 2,

Fig. 2 is a horizontal plan sectional view of a `fragmentary portion ofan engine showing the relationship of the intake and exhaust gaspassages,

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view through a fragmentary portion of anengine of modified yconstruction taken substantially on the line 3-3 ofFig. 4,

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional View thereof taken substantially on theline 4-4 of Fig. 3, and showing the relationship of the intake andexhaust gas passages, and

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 5 5of Fig. 4.

'Ihe engine illustrated in the accompanying drawing is designated ingeneral by the reference character A in Figs. l and 2 illustrating oneembodiment of the invention. The invention is preferably one which isgenerally referred to as a valve in head engine in which the intake andexhaust valves overlie the engine cylinder and open inwardly thereofinto the combustion chamber carried in the cylinder head. In thestructure illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the combustion chamber I0 is ofconventional design and is provided with intake and exhaust ports II andI2 which lie substantially adjacent to each other. Intake and exhaustvalves I3 and Ill are respectively associated with the intake andexhaust ports and are operated in the usual manner by suitable valveactuating mechanisms. The intake passage comprises one conductingportion d I5 extending generally horizontally and a second portion I6extending substantially normal to said rst portion. It will be notedthat the intake conducting portion I6 extends towards the intake portand lies immediately adjacent thereto and this portion of the intakepassage is constructed to provide a venturi I1 and thus the incominggases after passing through the venturi tend to spread outwardly as theynear the intake port of thecombustion chamber.

. The intake valve I3 is provided with a mushroom type head I8 which isundercut as at I9 and it will be noted that the incoming gases whichflow generally axially of portion I6 and of the valve shank are causedto impinge substantially against the dished out undercut portion I9 ofthe valve head I8 and thus be deflected in a direction which causes theincoming gases to impinge substantially along the roof 20 of thecombustion chamber IIJ and also against f the head Illa of the exhaustvalve I4. It will thus be noted that the incoming gases are caused tospread outwardly as they. pass through the intake port and are directedagainst the ho-t surfaces of the combustion chamber whereby to morethoroughly vaporize the heavier particles of the fuel mixture.

It will be noted that the exhaust passage 2| extends from the exhaustport in a direction which crosses the intake passage and referring toFig. 2 it will be noted that the exhaust passage tends to cross theintake conducting portion I5. This exhaust passage is divided to providea portion 2 Ia which sweeps around the intake conducting portion IS andthus it may be .noted that the exhaust gas passage is provided with abranched portion substantially encircling a portion of the intakepassage. Thus the gases nowing through the said intake passage are moreefficiently heated by the exhaust gases in a manner tending to improveengine operating performance.

Referring to Figs. 3 to 5 inclusive, it will be noted that I haveprovided a modiiied form of construction embodying said improvementswhich may be employed in engines of this characterif so desired. In Fig.3 it will be noted that I have provided the intake conducting portion I6with a plurality of vanes 22 which are substantially inclined to theaxis of the passage and'whioh` are operable to act upon the gasesflowing therethrough and impart a swirling motion to said gasessufficient to continue the swirling tendency thereof as the same areintroduced into the combustion chamber. Preferably these variescooperate with the venturi to provide a gasflow control which causes theincoming gases to spread outwardly as well as to swirl as the same areintroduced into theV combustion chamber.

' In this modied construction it will be noted that I have provided anexhaust passage 25 which crosses the intake conducting portion 26 insubstantially the same manner as the construction illustrated in Figs. land 2. It will be noted that the branched portion ofthe exhaust gaspassage is constructed differently than `that shown in the previousfigures and this branched portion of the exhaust gas passage ispreferably constructed in the form of an annular chamber 21' extendingsubstantially around the intake conducting portion I6. This annularchamber communicates with the exhaust gas passage by means of an in- Ylet 28 and an outlet 29, the outlet facinggenerally in the direction ofthe gas iiow through said passage 25 While the inlet 28 faces inadirection opposite to the exhaust gas flow through passage 25. Thus aportion of the exhaust gases flowing through the passage 25 tends tobranch away from the main iiow and travel through the annular chamber 21in a direction as indicated by the arrow 30. The outlet 29 is soarranged with respect to the exhaust gas iiow as to induce a flowthrough 'said chamber 21 due to the auto-extraction effect produced bythe ow of gases through said passage 25. If desirable the. exhaust gasconducting structure may be so constructed as to provide a split ordividing means 3| against which the exhaust gases are directed for thepurpose oi deflecting a predetermined amount of the exhaust gases intosaid chamber 21. Thus by relatively locating this split 3| more Vor lessof the gases can be introduced into said chamber 21y for providing moreor less degrees of heat for transfer to the intake gases.

Obviously the constructions herein illustrated and described are moreparticularly adapted for an engine of the valve in head type but it willbe apparent thatthe principles involved may be incorporated in enginesother than those herein illustrated.

Although I have illustrated but one form of my invention and havedescribed in detail but a single application thereof, it will beapparentto those skilled in the art to which my invention pertains thatvarious modifications and changes may be made therein without departingfrom the spirit of my invention or from the scope of the appendedclaims.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In an internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust gaspassages, said exhaust gas passage extending adjacent to said intakepassage and having an oiset portion connected in parallel With saidexhaust gas passage, said offset portion encircling a portion of theintake passage and conveying a portion only of said exhaust gases. n

2. In an internal combustion enginehaving intake and exhaust gaspas/sages, said 'exhaust gas passage extending adjacent to said intakepassage and being divided to form two exhaust gas conducting portions,one of said gas conducting portions being constructed and arranged toextend around a portion of said intake passage andinduced by the exhaustgas flowingpast said` opening.

4. In an internal combustion engine having in` take and exhaust gaspassages, said exhaust gask passage extending adjacent to said intakepassage, an annular exhaust chamber encirclinga. portion of said intakepassage and having an inlet and outlet communicating with said exhaustpassage, said inlet being located substantially beyond the outlet in thedirection'of all exhaustv gas ow through said exhaust passage. 5. In aninternal combustion engine having intake and exhaust gas passages, saidexhaust gas passage extending adjacent to said intake passage, anannular exhaust chamber encircling a portion of said intake passage andhaving an inlet'and outlet communicating with said exhaust passage, saidinlet being located substantially beyond the outlet in the direction :ofall exhaust gas Vflow through'said e'xhaustpassage,

said outletfacing'. substantially in the direction of gas flow inv saidpassage while the inlet faces substantially opposed to the direction of'gas 'ow in'said passage.

6.Inan internal combustion vengine having intake and exhaust gaspassages, said'exhaust gas passage extending adjacent to said intakepassage, an annular exhaust chamber encircling a portion of said intakepassage and having an 1 inlet and outlet communicating with said exhaustpassage, said inlet being located substantially beyond the outlet in thedirection of all exhaust gas now through said exhaust passage, saidOut'- let facing substantially in the direction of gas flow in saidpassage while they inlet faces'substantially opposed to the direction ofgas now in said passage, said inlet substantially overlapping saidexhaust gas passage and including deflecting means for dividing saidexhaust gas iiow and directing same to flow through said annular passagetoward the outlet thereof.

'1. In an internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust gaspassages extending "in substantially parallel planes, said exhaustpassage crossing said intake passage. V

8. In an internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust gaspassages, said intake passage including successive portions extendingsub'- stantially normal to each other, said exhaust i715 passagecrossing one of said intake passage portions and having a branchedexhaust gas conducting portion substantially encircling said otherintake passage portion.

9. In an internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust gaspassages, said intake passage including a conducting portion extended ina plane parallel With and immediately above the plane of the exhaust gaspassage and crossing same, said intake passage including anotherconducting portion extending substantially normal to said firstconducting portion and to the plane of the exhaust gas passage, saidexhaust gas passage having a branched exhaust gas conducting portionsubstantially encircling said last mentioned intake gas conductingportion and 1ying substantially in the plane of said exhaust gaspassage.

10. In an internal combustion engine having an intake gas passage and anexhaust gas passage, said intake and exhaust gas passages each havingportions extending in substantially parallel planes, the aforesaidexhaust gas passage portion extending substantially normal to theaforesaid intake gas passage portion.

11. In an internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust gaspassages, said exhaust gas passage having a conducting portion extendingadjacent to and lying in a plane extending Substantially normal to aportion of said intake gas passage, and a second exhaust gas conductingportion communicating with said rst exhaust gas conducting portion andconstructed to encircle said portion of said intake gas passage.

12. In an internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust gaspassages, said exhaust Y gas passage having a conducting portionextending adjacent to and lying in a plane extending substantiallynormal to a portion of said intake gas passage, and a second exhaust gasconducting portion, said second exhaust gas conducting portion havinginlet and outlet openings and an intermediate conducting portion Whichare constructed and arranged to convey a portion only of said exhaustgases in heat conduction relation With that portion of the intake gaspassage remote from said iirst exhaust gas passage.

13. In an internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust gaspassages, said exhaust gas passage'having a conducting portion extendingadjacent to and lying in a plane extending substantially normal to aportion of said intake gas passage, and a second exhaust gas conductingportion communicating with said rst exhaust gas conducting portion, andconnected in paralle] conducting relation with said first exhaust gasconducting passage and arranged to convey a portion only of said exhaustgases in heat conducting relation with said intake gas conductingportion.

ENOS R. JACOBY.

